選型注意事項(xiàng)

  S7-300PLC的選型原則是據(jù)生產(chǎn)工藝所需的功能和容量進(jìn)行選型，并考慮維護(hù)的方便性、備件的通用性，以及是否易于擴(kuò)展和有無(wú)特殊功能等要求。選型時(shí)具體注意以下幾方面：

  (1)有關(guān)參數(shù)確定。一是輸入/輸出點(diǎn)數(shù)(I/O點(diǎn)數(shù))確定。這是確定PLC規(guī)模的一個(gè)重要依據(jù)，一定要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況留出適當(dāng)余量和擴(kuò)展余地。二是PLC存儲(chǔ)容量確定。注意當(dāng)系統(tǒng)有模擬量信號(hào)存在或要進(jìn)行大量數(shù)據(jù)處理時(shí)，其存儲(chǔ)容量應(yīng)選大一些。

  (2)系統(tǒng)軟硬件選擇。一是擴(kuò)展方式選擇，S7-300PLC有多種擴(kuò)展方式，實(shí)際選用時(shí)，可通過(guò)控制系統(tǒng)接口模塊擴(kuò)展機(jī)架、Profibus-DP現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線、通信模塊、運(yùn)程I/O及PLC子站等多種方式來(lái)擴(kuò)展PLC或預(yù)留擴(kuò)展口;二是PLC的聯(lián)網(wǎng)，包括PLC與計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)網(wǎng)和PLC之間相互聯(lián)網(wǎng)兩種方式。因S7-300PLC的工業(yè)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)淡化了PLC與DCS的界限，聯(lián)網(wǎng)的解決方案很多，用戶可根據(jù)企業(yè)的要求選用;三是CPU的選擇，CPU的選型是合理配置系統(tǒng)資源的關(guān)鍵，選擇時(shí)必須根據(jù)控制系統(tǒng)對(duì)CPU的要求(包括系統(tǒng)集成功能、程序塊數(shù)量限制、各種位資源、MPI接口能力、是否有

  PROFIBUS-DP主從接口、RAM容量、溫度范圍等)，并好在西門子公司的技術(shù)支持下進(jìn)行，以獲得合理的選型;四是編程軟件的選擇，這主要考慮對(duì)CPU的支持狀況，我們的體會(huì)是：STEP7V4.0對(duì)有些型號(hào)的CPU不支持，硬件組態(tài)時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生故障出錯(cuò)，而STEP7V5.0則不存在這種問(wèn)題。

  二、設(shè)計(jì)及使用注意事項(xiàng)

  1. 設(shè)計(jì)注意事項(xiàng)

  設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)主要應(yīng)注意以下幾方面：

  (1)PLC輸出電路中沒(méi)有保護(hù)，因此在外部電路中應(yīng)設(shè)置串聯(lián)熔斷器等保護(hù)裝置，以防止負(fù)載短路造成PLC損壞。熔斷器容量一般為0.5A。

  (2)PLC存在I/O響應(yīng)延遲問(wèn)題，因此在快速響應(yīng)設(shè)備中應(yīng)加以注意。MPI通信協(xié)議雖簡(jiǎn)單易行，但響應(yīng)速度較慢。

  (3)編制控制程序時(shí)，好用模塊式結(jié)構(gòu)程序。這樣既可增強(qiáng)程序的可讀性，方便調(diào)試和維護(hù)工作;又能使數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)結(jié)構(gòu)統(tǒng)一，方便WinCC組態(tài)時(shí)變量標(biāo)簽的統(tǒng)一編制和設(shè)備狀態(tài)的統(tǒng)一顯示。

  (4)硬件資源。要合理配置硬件資源，以提高系統(tǒng)可靠性。如PLC電源配電系統(tǒng)要配備冗余的UPS不間斷電源，以排除停電對(duì)全線運(yùn)行的不利影響。又如對(duì)電機(jī)的控制回路要進(jìn)行繼電器隔離，以消除外部負(fù)載對(duì)I/O模塊的可能損壞。另外，系統(tǒng)設(shè)備要采用獨(dú)立的接地系統(tǒng)，以減少雜波干擾。

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